- To Add:
- 1st: Represent each addend with tiles.
- 2nd: Simplify, if possible, by pairing a positive with a negative to make a zero.
- 3rd: What's left is the sum.
ADD.
 
 
- To Subtract by ADDING THE OPPOSITE:
- 1st: Represent the first number.
- 2nd: Represent the opposite of the second number.
- 3rd: Simplify, if possible, by pairing a positive with a negative to make a zero.
- 4th: What's left is the difference.
SUBTRACT.
 
 
- To Subtract using "TAKE AWAY."
- 1st: Represent the first number.
- 2nd: Add enough zeros so the second number may be removed.
- 3rd: Remove the second number.
- 4th: What's left is the difference.
SUBTRACT.
 
 
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